1970년 [멸망의 파도 The incredible Tide]
미래소년 코난의 원작은 미국 작가 알렉산더 케이가 1970년에 발표한 [멸망의 파도 The incredible Tide]라고 합니다.
코난에서 설정이 바뀌긴 했지만 두개의 공간은 산업 문명의 도시 인더스트리아와 수백만명의 소년 소녀가 환란을 피해 살아남은 하이 하버를 그대로 차용한 것이랍니다(cafe.naver.com/miyazaki).
'미래소년 코난'에서 인더스트리아가 자본주의의 지옥으로 그려졌다면 하이하바는 공산주의적 공동체로 그려지고 있습니다.
K-죠센징 버전 "미래소년 코난" 흠좀무 - 지랄 동심파괴 버전
지구의 날 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전
1970
Recycling in the Anthropocene - Post Carbon Institute
1970년 제1회 지구의 날을 전후하여 환경 문제가 대두되었을 때, 자원 소비와 오염 생산을 줄이는 것이 사람과 지구의 안녕을 위해 중요하다는 광범위한 의식이 있었습니다 ('지속가능성'이라는 용어는 아직 인기를 얻지 못했습니다).
Fairly rapidly, the notion of “recycling” began to solidify around actions individuals could take to conserve resources.
Despite the fact that setting out bottles, cans and newspapers was a far cry from actually making new goods (true recycling), the moniker “recycling” came to stand for resource graph conservation in the public imagination.
US market control ends in March 1971.........1970 US Oil Production Peak
In March 1971, the balance of power shifted.
That month the Texas Railroad Commission set proration at 100 percent for the first time.
More important, it meant that the power to control crude oil prices shifted from the United States (Texas, Oklahoma and Louisiana) to OPEC.
In the late 1960s, the Texas Railroad Commission was rapidly increasing the allowable production levels for oil wells in the state, and eliminated the “"conservation”" restrictions in 1972 (see Figure 8).
Texas RRC - Railroad Commission Milestones
Production hits a peak of 365 days per year as fields allowed to produce at maximum efficient rates.
피크오일은 석유의 매장량이 아닌 석유의 채취 여부와 관련이 있다. (경제성, 수익성, 마르크스 이윤율과 관련)
(마르크스 이윤율 - 가격 Oil Price 와 관련 되버림, 즉 지금 WTI 배럴당 가격이 100불 오버 "지속" 되면 미국의 감소하는 산유량이 약간은? '증가" 가능,
But 여기에서 더 유가상승 하게 되면 (증산은 되더라도) 더 유가상승 - CPI 상승 - 금리 상승 문제로 더 죳되버리기 때문에 "가격한계" 마지널 법칙과 '마르크스 이윤율 크리에 걸린다는 거 ㅇㅇ 결국 Marginal Price (이윤율) "증산불가" Peak 한계 마지널에 봉착하게 된다는 거 ㅇㅇ
즉 매장량 무관, 절반 이상 매장량 버려짐 채굴불가- 1933년 웨슬리 미첼 대통령 보고서 - 사회동향연구회 보고서, 1865년 제번스 )
석유 생산이 최고에 이르는 지점은 석유 생산이 더 이상 늘어나지 않는 지점이 된다.
‘피크오일’은 미국의 지질학자 킹 허버트가 1956년에 도입한 개념으로 그는 석유의 생산량이 종 모양의 곡선을 그릴 것으로 전망했다.
그의 이름을 따서 이 종모양의 곡선을 ‘허버트의 곡선’이라고 부른다.
1971년 미국의 ‘피크 오일’은 정확히 허버트의 곡선을 따라 움직였다.
[네이버 지식백과] 피크오일 (매일경제, 매경닷컴)
NYT
April 17, 1924
WARNS COOLIDGE OF OIL SHORTAGE; Commission He Appointed Reports in Person, Advising Immediate Conservation.
WASHINGTON, April 16. -- President Coolidge today received a report from the commission he recently appointed on oil conservation.
The commission called in person at the White House and gave the President a preliminary statement of the policy it felt should be adopted.
The Evening Independent Florida,
Saturday December 20, 1924
Coolidge names Federal Oil Conservation Board”
Danger of Famine
President Coolidge has appointed an oil conservation board, which is to explore a new path of government supervision over the great "black gold" industry.
I am advised that our current oil supply is hept up only by drilling many thousands of new wells each year, and that the failure to bring in producing wells for a two-year period would slow down the wheels of industry and bring about about serious industry depression.
The problem of future shortage in fuel and lubricating oil, not to mention gasoline, must be avoided, or our manufacturing productivity will be curtailed to an extent not easily calculated.
NYT
March 03, 1929,
NATION IS WARNED OF OIL DEPLETION; Producing 72 Per Cent of World Supply, It Is Consuming 65 Per Cent, Board Declares.
RESOURCES BEING DRAINED Conservation Body Puts Them at 18 Per Cent of Globe's Total and Advocates More Imports.
PRODUCTION NOW AT PEAK Texas, Oklahoma and California Provided Half of Increase to 81,979,000 Barrels in January.
WASHINGTON, March 2--The United States, producing 72 per cent of the world's crude oil production and consuming 65 per cent of the world's total, is exhausting its petroleum reserves so much faster than the rest of the world as to endanger America's future supply of oil, according to the third report of the Federal Oil Conservation Board, presented today to President Coolidge.
NYT
March 24, 1929,
OBSERVATIONS FROM TIMES WATCH-TOWERS; OIL POLICY LIVE ISSUE Board Named by Wilbur( Begins Examinirig Leases in Interest of Conservation.
PRIVATE OPERATORS TO ACT Petroleum Institute Will Meet Here Wednesday to Consider.
Aiding Hoover on Curtailment.
Oil Policy Laid Down by Coolidge.
Danger of Oil Shortage Forecast.
Remedies Hard to Find. Petroleum Institute Group Acts. Foundotion Laid For Opposition.
WASHINGTON, March 22.--The board of officials of the Interior Department, appointed by Secretary Wilbur to examine all leases of government oil lands, has begun its work,' the-chief object of which is to...
Pittsburgh Press
March 14, 1929
Present Hoover's decision to withdraw govern oil lands from sake or lease, except where such disposition is mandatory by law, is wise from the standpoint of conservation and “national defense”.
No one familiar with the facts can doubt that mad waste characterizes the exploitation of America's precious oil resources.
A key member of the Federal Oil Conservation Board for several years,
Hoover knows those facts.
But up to five years we have produced around 70 percent.
Therefore, complete exhaustion of American supplies is definitely in sight - some day in five years, some say in fifteen years.
Even if we are to run short of oil in twenty-five years, the situation is serious
Two criticisms are aimed at Hoover's policy.
One is that discontinuance of the sale and leasing of government reserves will not materially check the present over production and waste, because only about one-tenth of present production is from government land and perhaps less than half of that can be stopped by Hoover.
This is in effect in a valid criticism of private industry, which hitherto has failed to conserve resources.
몬태나 주의 월시 상원의원은 후버 정책이 소규모의 독립 석유 회사들을 폐쇄하고, 개인시추업자들이 소비자들에게 가격을 낮추기 위한 경쟁을 제공함으로써 대형 석유 회사들과 그들이 운영하는 주들에게 이익이 될 것이라고 반대합니다.
우리는 소비자에 대한 월시의 우려와 소위 트러스트에 의한 가격 담합(가격지지 가격경직성)"에 대한 그의 두려움에 전적으로 공감하지만, 대체되지 않는 천연 자원의 과잉 생산과 낭비는 일시적인 낮은 가격을 보장하는 방법이 너무 비싸다는 인상을 줍니다.
Senator Walsh of Montana objects that the Hoover policy will benefit the large oil companies and the states where they operates, by shut out little independents and wildcatters supplies the competition to keep down prices for the consumers.
We share fully Walsh's concern for the consumer and his fear of price fixing by so-called trusts, but it strikes us that over production and waste of non-replacement natural resources is too expensive a method of guaranteeing temporary low prices.
Soon or late the government will be driven to declare a national emergency in oil and under such extraordinary powers enforce conservation.
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